Implementasi Kultur Teknis di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat dalam Menghadapi Dampak Perubahan Iklim
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v5i3.974Keywords:
kultur teknis, perubahan iklim, petani, kelapa sawitAbstract
Produktivitas perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat rendah dan upaya peningkatannya menghadapi tantangan yang semakin besar dengan meningkatkatnya dampak negatif perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui komponen kultur teknis manajemen konservasi tanah dan air dan tingkat penerapannya antara petani plasma dan petani swadaya. Purposive sampling dipergunakan untuk menentukan responden petani yang berasal dari petani plasma (satu kelompok tani) dan petani swadaya (dua kelompok tani) dengan kelapa sawit yang ditanam tahun 2009-2011. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Laburan, Kabupaten Paser, Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani telah menerapkan kultur teknis kebun yang adaptif untuk menghadapi resiko kekeringan dan banjir. Kultur teknis tersebut berkenaan dengan manajemen gulma dan vegetasi bawah; pemupukan dan menajemen tajuk (pruning); pemanfaatan pelepah yang dipruning dan tandan kosong sebagai mulsa dan sumber bahan organik; siklus panen tandan buah; manajemen kebakaran; dan integrasi tanaman selama TBM dan TM awal kelapa sawit. Umumnya ramam kultur teknis tersebut lebih banyak diterapkan oleh petani plasma yang selama ini memperoleh bimbingan dan bantuan teknis dari perusahaan inti daripada petani swadaya yang didampingi secara terbatas oleh penyuluh ataupun pedagang perantara (toke).
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