Respon Beberapa Varietas Jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap Lahan Salin di Kabupaten Merauke, Provinsi Papua, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i3.1295Keywords:
lahan salin, respons pertumbuhan, uji adaptasi, varietas jagungAbstract
Upaya meningkatkan produksi jagung terkendala dengan adanya alih fungsi lahan pertanian sehingga penggunaan lahan marginal menjadi solusi. Lahan salin merupakan kawasan lahan marginal dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan tanaman jagung yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Jagung memiliki daya adaptasi yang berbeda terhadap kondisi lahan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa varietas jagung yang tahan terhadap kondisi tanah salin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Greenhouse Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Musamus bulan September hingga Desember 2022. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 varietas jagung (Jawara, Sejoli, Gendis, serta Exsotic) dan diulang 3 kali. Tanah salin yang digunakan adalah tanah dari belakang kampus Universitas Musamus dengan jarak ke pantai sekitar 1 km. Pengujian menunjukkan tanaman memiliki keragaan pertumbuhan yang berbeda antar varietas dimana perbedaan ini lebih mengacu pada sifat genetis sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh deskripsi tanaman. Varietas Exsotic menghasilkan tanaman tertinggi (148,87 cm), jumlah baris biji tertinggi (12,5 baris), dan bobot 100 butir biji tertinggi (13,5 g). Varietas Sejoli menghasilkan jumlah daun yang lebih banyak (11,69 helai) dan diameter tongkol yang lebih besar (4,6 cm). Varietas Jawara menghasilkan umur berbunga (44,47 hari) dan umur panen (83,45 hari) yang lebih cepat, sedangkan Varietas Gendis menghasilkan tongkol yang lebih panjang (17,9 cm) dibandingkan lainnya. Bila dibandingkan dengan deskripsi varietas, variabel pengamatan pertumbuhan maupun komponen hasil menunjukkan hasil yang lebih rendah. Rendahnya hasil ini diduga terkait adanya cekaman salinitas yang dialami sehingga tidak mampu untuk tumbuh dan memberikan hasil sesuai deskripsi. Keempat varietas yang dicobakan masih mampu untuk tumbuh dan memberikan hasil namun lebih rendah dibandingkan deskripsinya.
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