Optimizing Land-Use Scenarios for Water-Resource Sustainability in the Upper Kampar Watershed, Indonesia

Firman Hidayat, Agung Primatara Marwan

Abstract

Soil erosion in the Upper Kampar Watershed threatens reservoir storage and downstream water reliability. This study compared four land-use scenarios using the Universal Soil Loss Equation and the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method across 100 land units. Existing land use produced 142.70 t.ha−1.yr−1 of soil loss, well above the tolerable value of 39.62 t.ha−1.yr−1. Meeting the minimum forest-cover rule lowered erosion by 31.95% but did not reach the threshold. Strip cropping reduced erosion to 32.90 t.ha−1.yr−1, whereas rehabilitation of mapped protected areas yielded 36.15 t.ha−1.yr−1 and the lowest Qmax/Qmin ratio (28.38). Discharge records supported directional checking, but independent event-scale validation was unavailable. The results support protected-area rehabilitation as a zoning framework, combined with soil-conservation practices on cultivated slopes and field monitoring of sediment and river flow.

Keywords

curve number; land-use planning; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; watershed management

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v9i2.2766

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