Uji Kemampuan Bacillus spp. dalam Menghambat Ganoderma boninense Pat. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Kelapa Sawit Secara in Vitro

Yetti Elfina, Sukendi Sukendi, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, Agus Sutikno

Abstract

Penyakit busuk batang akar (BPB) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyebabkan menurunnya efisiensi kelapa sawit. BPB disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense Pat. Alternatif pengendalian penyakit ini yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pengendalian hayati menggunakan Bacillus spp, karena bersifat ramah lingkungan.. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji kemampuan Bacillus spp.  yang dapat menghambat G. boninense dan menentukan kap Bacillus spp. dalam mempengaruhi morfologi G. boninense penyebab BPB pada kelapa sawit secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen dan terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan, yaitu: tanpa Bacillus spp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus velezensis 1, Bacillus velezensis 2, Bacillus velezensis 3. Data  hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan Analysis of Varians (ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5% menggunakan program SPSS versi 25. Data hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus spp. yaitu B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus,  B. pseudomycoides, B. velezensis 1, B. velezensis 2 dan B. velezensis 3 mampu menghambat G. boninense namun 3 Bacillus spp. yaitu B. cereus, B. pseudomycoides dan B. amyloliquefaciens tidak mampu menghasilkan zona hambat. B. velezensis 2 lebih baik dalam menghambat G. boninense dengan daya hambat 78,05%, zona hambat 58,8%, daya hambat filtrat 92,49%. Bacillus spp. mampu mempengaruhi karakteristik makroskopis dan mikroskopis G. boninense, dapat menyebabkan G. boninense tidak mampu menghasilkan konidia serta dapat menghambat perkecambahan spora G.boninense. 

Keywords

Bacillus spp.; busuk pangkal batang; G. boninense; kelapa sawit

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v7i2.1816

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