Karakterisasi Sifat Fisikokimia Ekstrak dan Bubuk Hasil Pengeringan Beku Antosianin Kelopak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.)

Rianita Pramitasari, Joan Prawira Lim

Abstract

Bunga telang memiliki kandungan antosianin yang dilaporkan mampu meningkatkan kapasitas antioksidan dan memberikan manfaat kesehatan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi sifat fisikokimia ekstrak dan bubuk hasil pengeringan beku antosianin dari kelopak bunga telang. Penelitian diawali dengan proses ekstraksi pada kelopak bunga telang yang telah dikeringbekukan dan dibuat bubuk menggunakan tiga variasi pelarut yaitu etanol-asam sitrat 3% sebagai kontrol, air-asam sitrat 3%, dan air, serta dua variasi suhu ekstraksi yaitu 4°C dan 30°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi optimum didapatkan pada suhu 4°C. Variasi pelarut menghasilkan kadar antosianin yang tidak berbeda (P>0,05). Setelah ekstraksi dan analisis kimia, ekstrak dikeringbekukan menggunakan variasi perbandingan ekstrak:maltodekstrin (1:0,25; 1:0,5; dan 1:0,75 b/b). Kondisi pengeringan optimum didapatkan pada variasi perlakuan dengan perbandingan ekstrak:maltodekstrin 1:0,25 (b/b) yang ditandai dengan total antosianin tertinggi (0,71±0,02 mg/g) pada bubuk yang dibuat menggunakan ekstrak dengan pelarut air. Kelarutan dan viskositas pada sampel tersebut tidak berbeda (P>0,05) terhadap perlakuan lainnya. Sementara itu, Aw dan kadar air pada sampel tersebut lebih tinggi jika dibanding perlakuan lainnya, namun masih dalam rentang syarat minuman bubuk (kadar air 3-5% dan Aw<0,6). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bubuk dari proses ekstraksi dengan air suhu 4°C dilanjutkan pengeringan beku dengan penambahan maltodekstrin (1:0,025, b/b) memiliki karakteristik fisikokimia terbaik dan sesuai syarat mutu fisik minuman bubuk.

Keywords

antosianin; bunga telang; ekstraksi; pengeringan beku; sifat fisikokimia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v5i2.960

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