Effect of NPK Fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum-Enriched Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Compost on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings

Benang Purwanto, Wildan Shalihy, Indrawati Indrawati

Abstract

Early-stage oil palm seedlings require organic fertilizer as a growth biostimulant to produce healthy seedlings with optimal growth. Providing oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) compost in a planting medium supplies nutrients, improves the medium, and introduces the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the interaction of NPK fertilizer and T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost affected the growth of oil palm seedlings. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatments: three levels of NPK fertilizer (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g. plant-1) and four levels of T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost (0, 300, 600, and 900 g. plant-1). The results showed that the interaction of NPK fertilizer and T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost only affected root fresh weight, while the independent test revealed that NPK fertilizer affected plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. OPEFB compost affected plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and shoot fresh weight. The application of NPK 2.5 g. plant-1 and T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost at a dose of 300 g. plant-1 independently contributed positively to the growth of oil palm seedlings during the pre-nursery stage, where NPK fertilizer was not needed in large amounts. Additionally, the release of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients occurred gradually, making them slowly accessible to plants.

Keywords

balanced fertilizer; biological agent; biostimulant; pre-nursery; organic fertilizer

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aminullah, A., Rosmawati, T., & Sulhaswardi, S. (2019). Uji Pemberian Kompos Tandan Kosong Sawit dan NPK 16:16:16 Pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Main Nursery Dengan Media Sub Soil Ultisol. Dinamika Pertanian, 33(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(3).3840

Amri, A. I., Armaini, A., & Amindo Purba, M. R. (2018). Aplikasi kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan dolomit pada medium sub soil inceptisol terhadap bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di pembibitan utama. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 8(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24014/ja.v8i2.3349

Ariyanti, M., Natali, G., & Suherman, C. (2017). Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Asal Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK. Agrikultura, 28(2), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v28i2.14955

Costa, M. C. G. (2012). Soil and crop responses to lime and fertilizers in a fire-free land use system for smallholdings in the northern Brazilian Amazon. Soil and Tillage Research, 121, 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.017

de Barros, I., Gaiser, T., Lange, F. M., & Römheld, V. (2007). Mineral nutrition and water use patterns of a maize/cowpea intercrop on a highly acidic soil of the tropic semiarid. Field Crops Research, 101(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.09.005

Dewanto, F. G., Londok, J. J. M. R., Tuturoong, R. A. V., & Kaunang, W. B. (2017). Pengaruh Pemupukan Anorganik Dan Organik Terhadap Produksi Tanaman Jagung Sebagai Sumber Pakan. Zootec, 32(5), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.32.5.2013.982

Effendi AR, A., Ariani, E., & Yudiandani, Y. (2024). The Effect of Biological Fertilizers and Inorganic Fertilizers on Upland Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Production. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (Juatika), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v6i2.3597

Elmizan, E., Muyassir, & Fikrinda. (2014). Sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Akibat Pemberian Azolla (azolla pinnata L.) dalam Bentuk Pupuk Hijau dan Kompos. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Lahan, 3(1), 441–446.

Fadila, A. N., Widagdo, S., & Hendarto, K. (2021). Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Kailan ( Brassica oleracea var . alboglabra ) pada Pertanaman Kedua. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 9(3), 473–480.

Hartatik, W., Husnain, H., & Widowati, L. R. (2015). Peranan pupuk organik dalam peningkatan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 107–120.

Hasibuan, S., Hamdani, H., & Astuti Kuswardani, R. (2023). The Effect of Empty Bunch Applications on Production of Oil Palm. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, 31(3), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v31i3.263

Kassim, N. Q. B., Sari, N. A., Othman, N. M. I., Nor, M. N. M., Adam, S., Hani, N. W., & Alias, M. L. Bin. (2024). Long-Term Biofertilizers and Chemical Fertilizer Use on Selected Peat Soil Properties of Oil Palm Plantation. Agrivita, 46(2), 268–275. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v46i2.4305

Lay, F. R., Wijana, G., & Maya Dewi, N. N. A. (2023). Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Dosis NPK (16-16-16) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bunga Gumitir (Tagetes erecta L.). Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal, 6(3), 740–749. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i3.1315

Mintawi, R. W., Muin, A., & Wirianata, H. (2025). Pengaruh Aplikasi Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dan Trichoderma sp terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit Di Pre Nursery. 3, 52–58.

Nasution, S. H., Hanum, C., & Ginting, J. (2014). Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Pada Berbagai Perbandingan Media Tanam Solid Decanter dan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Pada Sistem Single Stage. Jurnal Online Agroteknologi, 2(2), 691–701.

Oktafiyanto, F., Soesanto, M., Mugiastuti, L., Rahayuniati, E., & Feti, R. (2020). Uji Empat Isolat Trichoderma harzianum Pada Pengomposan Kotoran sapi Dan Ayam Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Mentimun In Planta. Agro Bali, 3(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v3i1.424

Onggo, T. M., Kusumiyati, K., & Nurfitriana, A. (2017). Pengaruh penambahan arang sekam dan ukuran polybag terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat kultivar ‘Valouro’ hasil sambung batang. Kultivasi, 16(1), 298–304. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v16i1.11716

Pardede., S., Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudiarso, M. S., & Prof. Dr. Ir. Husni Thamrin Sebayang, M. S. (2023). Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati dan Pupuk NPK Terhadap Serapan Hara N, P, K dan Hasil Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.)Varietas Inpari 32. 12(7), 446–453. http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207797/

Pradana, I. K. W., Dwiyani, R., & Wirya, G. N. A. S. (2024). Pengaruh Penambahan Trichoderma Spp. pada Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Pisang (Musa acuminata) Cavendish Hasil Kultur Jaringan. Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal, 7(1), 205–211. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v7i1.1568

Pramitasari, H. E., Wardiyati, T., & Nawawi, M. (2016). Pengaruh Dosis pupuk Nitrogen dan Tingkat Kepadatan Tanaman terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(1), 49–56.

Purwanto, B.-, Indrawati, I.-, Sumadi, S., Nuraini, A.-, & Setiawati, M. R. (2022). Pemanfaatan Trichoderma harzianum dan biochar untuk mengatasi cekaman kekeringan pada kedelai fase reproduktif. Jurnal AGRO, 9(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.15575/20684

Purwanto, B., Sumadi, Nuraini, A., & Setiawati, M. R. (2022). Effect of water content on conidia of Trichoderma spp., indole acetic acid content, electrical conductivity, and pH. Biodiversitas, 23(5), 2553–2560. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230536

Ramadhaini, R. F., Sudradjat, & Wachjar, A. (2014). Optimasi dosis pupuk majemuk NPK dan kalsium pada bibit kelapa sawit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq .) di pembibitan utama optimation of NPK and calcium fertilizer rates for the growth of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq .) seedling in main nursery. J. Agron. Indonesia, 42(1), 52–58.

Sari, D. A., Kresnawati, I., Priyono, ., Budiani, A., & Santoso, D. (2019). Peningkatan Hasil Panen Kedelai (Glycine max L.) Varietas Wilis dengan Aplikasi Biostimulan Tanaman. E-Journal Menara Perkebunan, 87(1), 1–10.

Sarman, S., Indraswari, E., & Husni, A. (2021). Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Terhadap Decanter Solid dan Pupuk Phospor di Pembibitan Utama. Jurnal Media Pertanian, 6(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.110

Simamora, A. V, Nenotek, P. S., Hahuly, M. V, Ishaq, L. F., Widinugraheni, S. R. I., Kana, Y. R., Pasi, S. C. U., & Ola, A. R. B. (2025). In vitro growth assessment of Trichoderma spp . from paddy rhizosphere on glyphosate- and fipronil- containing medium. 26(5), 2028–2038. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260502

Sofian, K., Ryan Firman Syah, & Hastuti, P. B. (2022). Aplikasi Trichoderma Dan Mikoriza: Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit Di Pre Nursery. AGROISTA : Jurnal Agroteknologi, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.55180/agi.v6i1.212

Syam, N., Hidrawati, Alimuddin, S., & Rijal, S. (2023). Growth and Development Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Several Combinations of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer. Agrivita, 45(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v45i1.3921

Tan, Z., Lin, C. S. K., Ji, X., & Rainey, T. J. (2017). Returning biochar to fields: A review. Applied Soil Ecology, 116(September 2016), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.03.017

Wahyudi, E., , Hulu, K. M., & Landak, K. (2025). Pengaruh Bokashi dan Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit di Pre Nursery. 20–29.

Wahyuni, S. H., & Nasution, D. P. Y. (2019). Utilization of Trichoderma viride as organic fertilizer to induce the resistance of banana seeds on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (FOC). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 260(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012149

Waruwu, F., Simanihuruk, B. W., Prasetyo, P., & Hermansyah, H. (2018). Pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di pre nursery dengan komposisi media tanam dan konsentrasi pupuk cair azolla pinnata berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.31186/jipi.20.1.7-12

Wu, L., Liu, M., & Rui Liang. (2008). Preparation and properties of a double-coated slow-release NPK compound fertilizer with superabsorbent and water-retention. Bioresource Technology, 99(3), 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.027

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.