Peran Mikrokontroler Dalam Pengembangan Aplikasi IoT: Tinjauan Konseptual dan Implementasi

Made Santo Gitakarma, Ketut Udy Ariawan, I Gede Made Surya Bumi Pracasitaram

Abstract


Perkembangan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) telah membuka peluang baru dalam pemantauan lingkungan, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan mikrokontroler sebagai inti dari sistem IoT. Artikel ini mengkaji peran mikrokontroler, terutama ESP32, dalam pengembangan aplikasi IoT untuk monitoring lingkungan, dengan fokus pada pengumpulan data real-time terkait parameter seperti suhu, kelembapan, kualitas udara, dan polusi suara. Mikrokontroler menawarkan efisiensi daya, konektivitas nirkabel, serta biaya rendah yang memungkinkan penerapannya di lokasi terpencil atau tanpa sumber daya listrik langsung. Sistem IoT yang dibangun menggunakan mikrokontroler ini mampu memberikan akurasi yang lebih tinggi dalam pemantauan kondisi lingkungan dibandingkan metode konvensional, serta meningkatkan respons terhadap perubahan kondisi yang cepat. Meskipun demikian, penerapan mikrokontroler menghadapi beberapa tantangan, seperti keterbatasan daya pemrosesan dan kapasitas penyimpanan, serta ketahanan perangkat terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrem. Selain itu, masalah keamanan data juga menjadi perhatian, mengingat rentannya perangkat IoT terhadap serangan siber. Meskipun demikian, prospek pengembangan sistem IoT berbasis mikrokontroler sangat cerah dengan kemajuan teknologi seperti 5G, edge computing, dan machine learning yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan kemampuan analisis data secara real-time. Integrasi dengan teknologi blockchain juga dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan integritas data. Teknologi IoT berbasis mikrokontroler berpotensi besar dalam membantu pengelolaan lingkungan dan sumber daya alam secara efisien dan berkelanjutan.

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