Induksi Poliploidi Menggunakan Kolkisin pada Tanaman Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) Varietas Lumbu Kuning dan Lumbu Hijau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i3.1369Keywords:
abnormal, LC50, triploidAbstract
Bawang putih merupakan tanaman yang dibudidayakan melalui umbinya karena tidak mampu menghasilkan bunga. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan keragaman tanaman bawang putih rendah. Teknik-teknik pemuliaan tanaman dilakukan untuk memperoleh karakter yang diinginkan dan memperbaiki karakter yang telah ada. Salah satu teknik pemuliaan adalah pemuliaan mutasi menggunakan mutagen kolkisin.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi kolkisin terhadap pertumbuhan, karakter fisiologi, jumlah kromosom, dan memperoleh nilai lethal concentration 50% (LC50) dari varietas Lumbu Kuning dan Lumbu Hijau. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Mei-September 2021 di Desa Ngroto Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode perlakuan pada tanaman tunggal yang disusun dalam barisan dengan perlakuan dua varietas Lumbu Kuning dan Lumbu hijau yang diberi larutan kolkisin (0, 750, 1000, 1250 dan 1500 ppm). Hasil analisis uji t memperlihatkan bahwa kolkisin konsentrasi 0-1500 ppm memberikan pengaruh nyata pada panjang tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, panjang daun dan lebar daun. Tanaman triploid (2n=3x=24) memiliki jumlah dan kerapatan stomata lebih rendah dibandingkan tanaman diploid, namun ukuran stomata lebih besar. Varietas Lumbu Kuning adalah 698,055 ppm dan varietas Lumbu Hijau adalah 1383,041 ppm.
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