Potensi Alelopati Ekstrak Jerami Padi pada Dua Jenis Gulma dan Tanaman Kedelai

Diya Khoirun Nisa, Eko Widaryanto, Titin Sumarni

Abstract

Sistem rotasi tanam dan pengolahan tanah sebelum tanam ternyata masih menyisakan seed bank. Seed bank yang memiliki dormansi singkat dapat berkembang menjadi gulma masif dan bersaing dengan tanaman. Dua jenis gulma itu adalah Amaranthus spinosus dan Eleusine indica. Herbisida kimia sering digunakan untuk memberantas gulma secara berlebihan.  Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan diantaranya: matinya organisme non target dan resistensi gulma. Penggunaan mulsa jerami dapat menekan populasi gulma. Namun, mulsa jerami memiliki kelemahan  diantaranya : imobilisasi N pada tanah dan inang penyakit soil borne. Pelepasan alelokimia yang lambat menyebabkan penghambatan pada gulma lambat. Jerami yang diekstrak dapat mempercepat proses penghambatan pada gulma. Penelitian dirancang pada rancangan petak terbagi (RPT) yang diulang 3 kali. Sebanyak 5 konsentrasi ekstrak jerami padi K1 (kontrol) K2 (25%), K3 (50%), K4 (75%) dan K5 (100%) dan diaplikasikan pada A. spinosus (T1), E. indica (T2) dan kedelai (T3) pada umur 24 HST. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak jerami yang menghambat pertumbuhan pada setiap spesies gulma dan kedelai. Perlakuan K5 (100%) menghambat tinggi tumbuhan, jumlah dan luas area daun, indeks klorofil dan bobot segar tumbuhan.

Keywords

alelopati; amaranthus; eleusine; jerami; kedelai

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i3.1359

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