Pengaruh Aplikasi Mikroba terhadap Fisiologis Beberapa Varietas Padi Fase Vegetatif pada Kondisi Salin Tergenang

Ubad Badrudin, Munif Ghulamahdi, Bambang Sapta Purwoko, Etty Pratiwi

Abstract

Padi merupakan makanan pokok di Indonesia yang produksinya harus ditingkatkan seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Lahan produktif beralih fungsi untuk kepentingan nonpertanian yang menyebabkan ketersediaan lahan untuk pertanian semakin sempit. Alternatif solusinya pemanfaatan lahan suboptimal (lahan salin menggenang). Tetapi, lahan ini dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman karena tingginya tekanan osmotik dan daya hantar listrik serta rendahnya ketersediaan oksigen yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Salah satu upayanya dengan aplikasi mikroba (pupuk hayati) dan varietas padi adaptif dan toleran. Pupuk hayati mampu memperbaiki kondisi salin menggenang dengan memfiksasi N, melarutkan fosfat dan kalium, memproduksi hormon pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh mikroba terhadap aspek fisiologi beberapa varietas padi pada kondisi salin menggenang. Penelitian berlangsung mulai bulan September-Desember 2022. Perancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor, yaitu jenis konsorsium mikroba (tanpa mikroba/M0; konsorsium mikroba 1/M1; konsorsium mikroba 2/M2; konsorsium mikroba 3/M3), dan varietas padi (Pokkali/V1; Biosalin 2 Agritan/V2; IR 29/V3). Variabel pengamatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, klorofil (SPAD), jumlah stomata, klorofil a, klorofil b, prolin, enzim SOD, laju fotosintesis, konduktansi stomata, dan laju transpirasi. Data dianalisis dengan uji F, apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsorsium mikroba berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar prolin, klorofil a, dan klorofil b, sedangkan varietas padi pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah stomata, dan laju transpirasi berpengaruh sangat nyata,namun tidak terdapat interaksi pada semua variabel pengamatan.

Keywords

fase vegetatif; menggenang; mikroba; padi; salin

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i3.1279

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